1 Initial Corpus generation

2 General Overview over EIST articles

2.1 Main Indicators: Publications, Authors, Countries

To start with, a general overview over the documents in the corpus.

First



MAIN INFORMATION ABOUT DATA

 Timespan                              2011 : 2021 
 Sources (Journals, Books, etc)        1 
 Documents                             501 
 Average years from publication        3.8 
 Average citations per documents       27.99 
 Average citations per year per doc    5.09 
 References                            17950 
 
DOCUMENT TYPES                     
                                                17 
 all open access, green                                 4 
 article                                               231 
 editorial                                              5 
 environmental innovation and societal transitions      80 
 final                                               160 
 note                                               3 
 short survey                                           1 
 
DOCUMENT CONTENTS
 Keywords Plus (ID)                    941 
 Author's Keywords (DE)                1545 
 
AUTHORS
 Authors                               953 
 Author Appearances                    1319 
 Authors of single-authored documents  120 
 Authors of multi-authored documents   833 
 
AUTHORS COLLABORATION
 Single-authored documents             131 
 Documents per Author                  0.526 
 Authors per Document                  1.9 
 Co-Authors per Documents              2.63 
 Collaboration Index                   2.25 
 

Annual Scientific Production

Annual Percentage Growth Rate 5.240978 


Most Productive Authors


Top manuscripts per citations


Corresponding Author's Countries


SCP: Single Country Publications

MCP: Multiple Country Publications


Total Citations per Country


Most Relevant Sources


Most Relevant Keywords
NA

And a graphical visualization

2.2 Cited references

Top 20 cited references:

CR n
MARKARD, J., RAVEN, R., TRUFFER, B., SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: AN EMERGING FIELD OF RESEARCH AND ITS PROSPECTS (2012) RES. POLICY, 41, PP. 955-967 35
GEELS, F.W., TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSITIONS AS EVOLUTIONARY RECONFIGURATION PROCESSES: A MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE AND A CASE-STUDY (2002) RES. POLICY, 31, PP. 1257-1274 34
GEELS, F.W., SCHOT, J., TYPOLOGY OF SOCIOTECHNICAL TRANSITION PATHWAYS (2007) RES. POLICY, 36, PP. 399-417 33
MARKARD, J., RAVEN, R., TRUFFER, B., SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: AN EMERGING FIELD OF RESEARCH AND ITS PROSPECTS (2012) RES. POLICY, 41 (6), PP. 955-967 24
SMITH, A., RAVEN, R., WHAT IS PROTECTIVE SPACE? RECONSIDERING NICHES IN TRANSITIONS TO SUSTAINABILITY (2012) RES. POLICY, 41, PP. 1025-1036 24
GEELS, F.W., SCHOT, J., TYPOLOGY OF SOCIOTECHNICAL TRANSITION PATHWAYS (2007) RES. POLICY, 36 (3), PP. 399-417 23
GEELS, F.W., TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSITIONS AS EVOLUTIONARY RECONFIGURATION PROCESSES: A MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE AND A CASE-STUDY (2002) RES. POLICY, 31 (8-9), PP. 1257-1274 21
GEELS, F.W., FROM SECTORAL SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION TO SOCIO-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS: INSIGHTS ABOUT DYNAMICS AND CHANGE FROM SOCIOLOGY AND INSTITUTIONAL THEORY (2004) RES. POLICY, 33, PP. 897-920 19
SMITH, A., RAVEN, R., WHAT IS PROTECTIVE SPACE? RECONSIDERING NICHES IN TRANSITIONS TO SUSTAINABILITY (2012) RES. POLICY, 41 (6), PP. 1025-1036 18
COENEN, L., BENNEWORTH, P., TRUFFER, B., TOWARD A SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE ON SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS (2012) RES. POLICY, 41, PP. 968-979 17
BERGEK, A., JACOBSSON, S., CARLSSON, B., LINDMARK, S., RICKNE, A., ANALYZING THE FUNCTIONAL DYNAMICS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS: A SCHEME OF ANALYSIS (2008) RES. POLICY, 37, PP. 407-429 16
MARKARD, J., TRUFFER, B., TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS AND THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE: TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK (2008) RES. POLICY, 37, PP. 596-615 16
SMITH, A., STIRLING, A., BERKHOUT, F., THE GOVERNANCE OF SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITIONS (2005) RES. POLICY, 34, PP. 1491-1510 16
FARLA, J., MARKARD, J., RAVEN, R., COENEN, L., SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS IN THE MAKING: A CLOSER LOOK AT ACTORS, STRATEGIES AND RESOURCES (2012) TECHNOL. FORECAST. SOC. CHANGE, 79, PP. 991-998 14
KIVIMAA, P., KERN, F., CREATIVE DESTRUCTION OR MERE NICHE SUPPORT? INNOVATION POLICY MIXES FOR SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS (2016) RES. POLICY, 45 (1), PP. 205-217 14
UNRUH, G.C., UNDERSTANDING CARBON LOCK-IN (2000) ENERGY POLICY, 28, PP. 817-830 14
GEELS, F.W., REGIME RESISTANCE AGAINST LOW-CARBON TRANSITIONS: INTRODUCING POLITICS AND POWER INTO THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE (2014) THEORY CULT. SOC., 31, PP. 21-40 13
SCHOT, J., GEELS, F.W., STRATEGIC NICHE MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION JOURNEYS: THEORY, FINDINGS, RESEARCH AGENDA, AND POLICY (2008) TECHNOL. ANAL. STRATEG. MANAG., 20, PP. 537-554 13
BERGGREN, C., MAGNUSSON, T., SUSHANDOYO, D., TRANSITION PATHWAYS REVISITED: ESTABLISHED FIRMS AS MULTI-LEVEL ACTORS IN THE HEAVY VEHICLE INDUSTRY (2015) RES. POLICY, 44, PP. 1017-1028 12
GEELS, F.W., A SOCIO-TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF LOW-CARBON TRANSITIONS: INTRODUCING THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE INTO TRANSPORT STUDIES (2012) J. TRANSP. GEOGR., 24, PP. 471-482 12

2.3 Conceptual trajectories: Historical citation path analysis


 Legend
$net
IGRAPH df2c4f9 DN-- 30 24 -- 
+ attr: name (v/c), title (v/c), id (v/c), size (v/n), years (v/n), color (e/c)
+ edges from df2c4f9 (vertex names):
 [1] SUSUR E, 2021, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS      ->VAN DEN BERGH JCJM, 2021, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS
 [2] HANSMEIER H, 2021, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS  ->VAN DEN BERGH JCJM, 2021, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS
 [3] KIVIMAA P, 2021, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS    ->VAN DEN BERGH JCJM, 2021, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS
 [4] KIVIMAA P, 2021, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS    ->VAN OERS L, 2021, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS        
 [5] KIVIMAA P, 2021, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS    ->MARTISKAINEN M, 2021, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS    
 [6] TURNHEIM B, 2020, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS   ->VAN DEN BERGH JCJM, 2021, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS
 [7] STALMOKAITĖ I, 2020, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS->AMPE K, 2021, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS            
 [8] LOSACKER S, 2020, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS   ->HANSMEIER H, 2021, ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS       
+ ... omitted several edges

$g

$layout

$axis
NA

2.3.1 Authors, Themes & Journals

  • Not done yet

3 Topic modelling

Loading required package: RColorBrewer

I by now created some topic modelling. The results are now more fine-tuned, but there is still room for some improvement. We ran a LDA on the titles + abstracts of our corpus, aiming at identifying 10 topics (some different numbers of topics to generate shows that 10 result in good results, more topics lead to too much overlap between them)

3.1 Topics by topwords

This might still be finetuned, but initially doesnt look that bad I think. All the topics for me seem to be somewhat identifiable. We should maybe start naming them to make their interpretation later easier.

3.2 Topics over time

Loading required package: directlabels
Loading required package: patchwork
`summarise()` has grouped output by 'PY'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.

3.3 LDAViz

Here you find a nice way of exploring topics via the LDAVIz methodology of visulizing the result of an LDA. It dispolays all topics in a 2 dimensional TSNE (similar to PCA, but optimized for graphical illustration in 2d), and also gives a nice visual representation over the topics top-word distribution and overall frequencies of this words in the corpus. The \(\lambda\) parameter regulates the importance-ordering of the topwords. High \(\lambda\) order words by the highest propability to appear in the topic to the lowest (independent of the overall word popularity in the corpus), whle low \(\lambda\) emphasize words which are very specific to the topic, and rarely appear in others.

Play a bit around. Since it would be here a bit condensed, better check it out HERE in fullscreen for a better overview.

Warning in rm(text_dtm, text_tidy, text_lda) :
  object 'text_dtm' not found

4 Knowledge Bases: Co-Citation network analysis

Note: This analysis refers the co-citation analysis, where the cited references and not the original publications are the unit of analysis. See tab Technical descriptionfor additional explanations

4.1 Knowledge Bases summary

4.1.1 Main Indicators

In order to partition networks into components or clusters, we deploy a community detection technique based on the Lovain Algorithm (Blondel et al., 2008). The Lovain Algorithm is a heuristic method that attempts to optimize the modularity of communities within a network by maximizing within- and minimizing between-community connectivity. We identify the following communities = knowledge bases.

It is not the main focus of this exercise, but still informative to see which historical knowledge the fields draws from.

NOTE: Up to now I only report the most central members per community

com name dgr_int dgr
1 GEELS F.W. SCHOT J. TYPOLOGY OF SOCIOTECHNICAL TRANSITION PATHWAYS (2007) 436 1426
1 SMITH A. RAVEN R. WHAT IS PROTECTIVE SPACE? RECONSIDERING NICHES IN TRANSITIONS TO SUSTAINABILITY... 374 1099
1 KEMP R. SCHOT J. HOOGMA R. REGIME SHIFTS TO SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH PROCESSES OF NICHE FORMATION: ... 374 1146
1 SCHOT J. GEELS F.W. STRATEGIC NICHE MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION JOURNEYS: THEORY FINDIN... 334 793
1 SMITH A. STIRLING A. BERKHOUT F. THE GOVERNANCE OF SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITIONS (2005) 208 558
1 SEYFANG G. SMITH A. GRASSROOTS INNOVATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: TOWARDS A NEW RESEARCH AN... 143 264
1 RIP A. KEMP R. TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE (1998) 134 279
1 LOORBACH D. TRANSITION MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLEXITY-BASED GO... 120 310
1 GEELS F.W. PROCESSES AND PATTERNS IN TRANSITIONS AND SYSTEM INNOVATIONS: REFINING THE CO-EVOLUTIO... 119 293
1 GEELS F.W. ONTOLOGIES SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITIONS (TO SUSTAINABILITY) 106 353
2 GEELS F.W. TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSITIONS AS EVOLUTIONARY RECONFIGURATION PROCESSES: A MULTI-LEVEL PER... 402 1577
2 MARKARD J. RAVEN R. TRUFFER B. SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: AN EMERGING FIELD OF RESEARCH AND ITS ... 383 1492
2 HANSEN T. COENEN L. THE GEOGRAPHY OF SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: REVIEW SYNTHESIS AND REFLECTIONS... 199 332
2 GEELS F.W. THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE ON SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: RESPONSES TO SEVEN CRITICIS... 188 944
2 COENEN L. BENNEWORTH P. TRUFFER B. TOWARD A SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE ON SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS (2012) 180 466
2 KÖHLER J. GEELS F.W. KERN F. MARKARD J. ONSONGO E. WIECZOREK A. ALKEMADE F. WELLS P. AN AGENDA FO... 106 179
2 RAVEN R. SCHOT J. BERKHOUT F. SPACE AND SCALE IN SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITIONS (2012) 87 166
2 TRUFFER B. MURPHY J.T. RAVEN R. THE GEOGRAPHY OF SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: CONTOURS OF AN EMERG... 85 142
2 TRUFFER B. COENEN L. ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS IN REGIONAL STUDIES ... 58 121
2 DEWALD U. TRUFFER B. THE LOCAL SOURCES OF MARKET FORMATION: EXPLAINING REGIONAL GROWTH DIFFERENTI... 56 93
3 BERGEK A. JACOBSSON S. CARLSSON B. LINDMARK S. RICKNE A. ANALYZING THE FUNCTIONAL DYNAMICS OF TEC... 248 624
3 MARKARD J. TRUFFER B. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS AND THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE: TOWARDS A... 195 546
3 HEKKERT M.P. SUURS R.A.A. NEGRO S.O. KUHLMANN S. SMITS R.E.H.M. FUNCTIONS OF INNOVATION SYSTEMS: ... 161 352
3 BERGEK A. HEKKERT M. JACOBSSON S. MARKARD J. SANDÉN B. TRUFFER B. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEM... 161 260
3 BINZ C. TRUFFER B. GLOBAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS—A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR INNOVATION DYNAMICS IN TR... 124 151
3 BERGEK A. JACOBSSON S. SANDÉN B.A. ‘LEGITIMATION’ AND ‘DEVELOPMENT OF POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES’: TW... 118 180
3 WIECZOREK A.J. HEKKERT M.P. SYSTEMIC INSTRUMENTS FOR SYSTEMIC INNOVATION PROBLEMS: A FRAMEWORK FO... 101 248
3 JACOBSSON S. BERGEK A. INNOVATION SYSTEM ANALYSES AND SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: CONTRIBUTIONS A... 98 210
3 CARLSSON B. STANKIEWICZ R. ON THE NATURE FUNCTION AND COMPOSITION OF TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS (1991) 90 143
3 QUITZOW R. DYNAMICS OF A POLICY-DRIVEN MARKET: THE CO-EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTE... 86 100
4 MEADOWCROFT J. ENGAGING WITH THE POLITICS OF SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS (2011) 178 420
4 KIVIMAA P. KERN F. CREATIVE DESTRUCTION OR MERE NICHE SUPPORT? INNOVATION POLICY MIXES FOR SUSTAI... 149 455
4 MEADOWCROFT J. WHAT ABOUT THE POLITICS? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TRANSITION MANAGEMENT AND LONG TE... 103 222
4 SCHMIDT T.S. SEWERIN S. TECHNOLOGY AS A DRIVER OF CLIMATE AND ENERGY POLITICS (2017) 90 121
4 HESS D.J. SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: A POLITICAL COALITION PERSPECTIVE (2014) 83 305
4 ROBERTS C. GEELS F.W. LOCKWOOD M. NEWELL P. SCHMITZ H. TURNHEIM B. JORDAN A. THE POLITICS OF ACCE... 76 162
4 NORMANN H.E. THE ROLE OF POLITICS IN SUSTAINABLE TRANSITIONS: THE RISE AND DECLINE OF OFFSHORE WI... 73 160
4 PIERSON P. INCREASING RETURNS PATH DEPENDENCE AND THE STUDY OF POLITICS (2000) 73 121
4 AVELINO F. ROTMANS J. POWER IN TRANSITION: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FRAMEWORK TO STUDY POWER IN RELAT... 71 176
4 ROGGE K.S. REICHARDT K. POLICY MIXES FOR SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: AN EXTENDED CONCEPT AND FRAM... 60 121
5 GEELS F.W. REGIME RESISTANCE AGAINST LOW-CARBON TRANSITIONS: INTRODUCING POLITICS AND POWER INTO ... 175 652
5 BERGGREN C. MAGNUSSON T. SUSHANDOYO D. TRANSITION PATHWAYS REVISITED: ESTABLISHED FIRMS AS MULTI-... 127 331
5 PENNA C.C.R. GEELS F.W. MULTI-DIMENSIONAL STRUGGLES IN THE GREENING OF INDUSTRY: A DIALECTIC ISSU... 96 154
5 TURNHEIM B. GEELS F.W. THE DESTABILISATION OF EXISTING REGIMES: CONFRONTING A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL F... 92 225
5 UNRUH G.C. UNDERSTANDING CARBON LOCK-IN (2000) 89 412
5 BERGEK A. BERGGREN C. MAGNUSSON T. HOBDAY M. TECHNOLOGICAL DISCONTINUITIES AND THE CHALLENGE FOR ... 85 231
5 GEELS F.W. RECONCEPTUALISING THE CO-EVOLUTION OF FIRMS-IN-INDUSTRIES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS: DEVE... 75 173
5 STEEN M. WEAVER T. INCUMBENTS’ DIVERSIFICATION AND CROSS-SECTORIAL ENERGY INDUSTRY DYNAMICS (2017) 71 93
5 VAN MOSSEL A. VAN RIJNSOEVER F.J. HEKKERT M.P. NAVIGATORS THROUGH THE STORM: A REVIEW OF ORGANIZA... 66 120
5 KUNGL G. GEELS F.W. SEQUENCE AND ALIGNMENT OF EXTERNAL PRESSURES IN INDUSTRY DESTABILISATION: UND... 63 87
6 BATTILANA J. LECA B. BOXENBAUM E. HOW ACTORS CHANGE INSTITUTIONS: TOWARDS A THEORY OF INSTITUTION... 118 181
6 GEELS F.W. FROM SECTORAL SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION TO SOCIO-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS: INSIGHTS ABOUT DYNAMIC... 109 640
6 FUENFSCHILLING L. TRUFFER B. THE STRUCTURATION OF SOCIO-TECHNICAL REGIMES—CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS ... 82 261
6 HOLM P. THE DYNAMICS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION: TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES IN NORWEGIAN FISHERIES (1995) 77 115
6 DIMAGGIO P.J. INTEREST AND AGENCY IN INSTITUTIONAL THEORY (1988) 69 95
6 MAGUIRE S. HARDY C. LAWRENCE T.B. INSTITUTIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN EMERGING FIELDS: HIV/AIDS TRE... 68 90
6 LAWRENCE T.B. SUDDABY R. INSTITUTIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL WORK (2006) 66 98
6 AVELINO F. WITTMAYER J.M. SHIFTING POWER RELATIONS IN SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: A MULTI-ACTOR P... 63 278
6 FLIGSTEIN N. SOCIAL SKILL AND INSTITUTIONAL THEORY (1997) 61 96
6 GARUD R. HARDY C. MAGUIRE S. INSTITUTIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS EMBEDDED AGENCY: AN INTRODUCTION T... 54 75
7 BOLTON R. HANNON M. GOVERNING SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS THROUGH BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION: TOWAR... 139 186
7 TEECE D.J. BUSINESS MODELS BUSINESS STRATEGY AND INNOVATION (2010) 136 153
7 COHEN B. KIETZMANN J. RIDE ON! MOBILITY BUSINESS MODELS FOR THE SHARING ECONOMY (2014) 121 139
7 CHESBROUGH H. BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION: OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS (2010) 120 165
7 FARLA J. MARKARD J. RAVEN R. COENEN L. SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS IN THE MAKING: A CLOSER LOOK AT... 119 684
7 OSTERWALDER A. PIGNEUR Y. BUSINESS MODEL GENERATION: A HANDBOOK FOR VISIONARIES GAME CHANGERS AND... 117 142
7 BADEN-FULLER C. MANGEMATIN V. BUSINESS MODELS: A CHALLENGING AGENDA (2013) 113 129
7 BOONS F. LÜDEKE-FREUND F. BUSINESS MODELS FOR SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION: STATE-OF-THE-ART AND STEPS ... 113 129
7 CHESBROUGH H. ROSENBLOOM R.S. THE ROLE OF THE BUSINESS MODEL IN CAPTURING VALUE FROM INNOVATION: ... 113 129
7 ZOTT C. AMIT R. MASSA L. THE BUSINESS MODEL: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE RESEARCH (2011) 113 129
8 KIVIMAA P. GOVERNMENT-AFFILIATED INTERMEDIARY ORGANISATIONS AS ACTORS IN SYSTEM-LEVEL TRANSITIONS... 163 234
8 KIVIMAA P. BOON W. HYYSALO S. KLERKX L. TOWARDS A TYPOLOGY OF INTERMEDIARIES IN SUSTAINABILITY TR... 155 235
8 HOWELLS J. INTERMEDIATION AND THE ROLE OF INTERMEDIARIES IN INNOVATION (2006) 143 186
8 KIVIMAA P. HYYSALO S. BOON W. KLERKX L. MARTISKAINEN M. SCHOT J. PASSING THE BATON: HOW INTERMEDI... 129 178
8 HARGREAVES T. HIELSCHER S. SEYFANG G. SMITH A. GRASSROOTS INNOVATIONS IN COMMUNITY ENERGY: THE RO... 127 230
8 MIGNON I. KANDA W. A TYPOLOGY OF INTERMEDIARY ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON SUSTAINABILITY TR... 126 142
8 HYYSALO S. JUNTUNEN J.K. MARTISKAINEN M. ENERGY INTERNET FORUMS AS ACCELERATION PHASE TRANSITION ... 77 106
8 KLERKX L. LEEUWIS C. ESTABLISHMENT AND EMBEDDING OF INNOVATION BROKERS AT DIFFERENT INNOVATION SY... 77 98
8 MOSS T. INTERMEDIARIES AND THE GOVERNANCE OF SOCIOTECHNICAL NETWORKS IN TRANSITION (2009) 76 83
8 BESSANT J. RUSH H. BUILDING BRIDGES FOR INNOVATION: THE ROLE OF CONSULTANTS IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFE... 69 77
8 KLERKX L. LEEUWIS C. BALANCING MULTIPLE INTERESTS: EMBEDDING INNOVATION INTERMEDIATION IN THE AGR... 69 77

4.1.2 Development of Knowledge Bases

Some issues atm, not working

`summarise()` has grouped output by 'PY'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.

4.2 Technical description

In a co-cittion network, the strength of the relationship between a reference pair \(m\) and \(n\) (\(s_{m,n}^{coc}\)) is expressed by the number of publications \(C\) which are jointly citing reference \(m\) and \(n\).

\[s_{m,n}^{coc} = \sum_i c_{i,m} c_{i,n}\]

The intuition here is that references which are frequently cited together are likely to share commonalities in theory, topic, methodology, or context. It can be interpreted as a measure of similarity as evaluated by other researchers that decide to jointly cite both references. Because the publication process is time-consuming, co-citation is a backward-looking measure, which is appropriate to map the relationship between core literature of a field.

5 Research Areas: Bibliographic coupling analysis

This is arguably the more interesting part. Here, we identify the literature’s current knowledge frontier by carrying out a bibliographic coupling analysis of the publications in our corpus. This measure uses bibliographical information of publications to establish a similarity relationship between them. Again, method details to be found in the tab Technical description. As you will see, we identify the more narrow research community of Sustainability Transitions (in which we will zoom in later), but also a set of adjacent research areas with some theoretical/methodological/application overlap.

5.1 Research Areas main summary

5.1.1 Main Characteristics

To identify communities in the field’s knowledge frontier (labeled research areas) we again use the Lovain Algorithm (Blondel et al., 2008). We identify the following communities = research areas.

5.1.2 Categorization

I up to now gain only provide the 10 most central articles, which can be used to classify them

Joining, by = "XX"
Adding missing grouping variables: `com_name`
com_name AU PY TI J9 dgr_int TC TC_year
1 FRENKEN K;SCHOR J 2017 PUTTING THE SHARING ECONOMY INTO PERSPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 38 411 137.000000
1 BÖCKER L;MEELEN T 2017 SHARING FOR PEOPLE, PLANET OR PROFIT? ANALYSING MOTIVATIONS FOR INTENDED SHARING ECONOMY PARTICIP... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 55 228 76.000000
1 FIGENBAUM E 2017 PERSPECTIVES ON NORWAY'S SUPERCHARGED ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 81 83 27.666667
1 HUBER A 2017 THEORISING THE DYNAMICS OF COLLABORATIVE CONSUMPTION PRACTICES: A COMPARISON OF PEER-TO-PEER ACCO... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 104 37 12.333333
1 GODELNIK R 2017 MILLENNIALS AND THE SHARING ECONOMY: LESSONS FROM A ‘BUY NOTHING NEW, SHARE EVERYTHING MONTH’ PRO... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 69 51 17.000000
1 NIJLAND H;VAN MEERKERK J 2017 MOBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF CAR SHARING IN THE NETHERLANDS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 30 114 38.000000
1 NOAILLY J;SHESTALOVA V 2017 KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES: LESSONS FROM PATENT CITATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 41 60 20.000000
1 LI FGN;STRACHAN N 2017 MODELLING ENERGY TRANSITIONS FOR CLIMATE TARGETS UNDER LANDSCAPE AND ACTOR INERTIA ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 65 28 9.333333
1 OSUNMUYIWA O;KALFAGIAN... 2017 TRANSITIONS IN UNLIKELY PLACES: EXPLORING THE CONDITIONS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY ADOPTION IN NIGERIA ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 91 20 6.666667
1 GRUSZKA K 2017 FRAMING THE COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY —VOICES OF CONTESTATION ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 66 24 8.000000
2 JOHNSTONE P;NEWELL P 2018 SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS AND THE STATE ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 230 73 36.500000
2 KERN F;ROGGE KS 2018 HARNESSING THEORIES OF THE POLICY PROCESS FOR ANALYSING THE POLITICS OF SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITION... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 164 60 30.000000
2 VAN MOSSEL A;VAN RIJNS... 2018 NAVIGATORS THROUGH THE STORM: A REVIEW OF ORGANIZATION THEORIES AND THE BEHAVIOR OF INCUMBENT FIR... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 264 35 17.500000
2 ROSENBLOOM D 2018 FRAMING LOW-CARBON PATHWAYS: A DISCURSIVE ANALYSIS OF CONTENDING STORYLINES SURROUNDING THE PHASE... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 105 40 20.000000
2 INGRAM J 2018 AGRICULTURAL TRANSITION: NICHE AND REGIME KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS’ BOUNDARY DYNAMICS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 104 39 19.500000
2 TURNHEIM B;SOVACOOL BK 2020 FOREVER STUCK IN OLD WAYS? PLURALISING INCUMBENCIES IN SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 182 20 Inf
2 HÖLSCHER K;WITTMAYER J... 2018 TRANSITION VERSUS TRANSFORMATION: WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE? ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 51 70 35.000000
2 NYKAMP H 2017 A TRANSITION TO GREEN BUILDINGS IN NORWAY ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 215 13 4.333333
2 BAUER F 2018 NARRATIVES OF BIOREFINERY INNOVATION FOR THE BIOECONOMY: CONFLICT, CONSENSUS OR CONFUSION? ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 84 24 12.000000
2 HEISKANEN E;APAJALAHTI... 2018 INCUMBENT ENERGY COMPANIES NAVIGATING ENERGY TRANSITIONS: STRATEGIC ACTION OR BRICOLAGE? ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 45 33 16.500000
3 FEOLA G 2020 CAPITALISM IN SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS RESEARCH: TIME FOR A CRITICAL TURN? ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 84 43 Inf
3 BELMIN R;CASABIANCA F;... 2018 CONTRIBUTION OF TRANSITION THEORY TO THE STUDY OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 87 23 11.500000
3 MOSSBERG J;SÖDERHOLM P... 2018 CROSSING THE BIOREFINERY VALLEY OF DEATH? ACTOR ROLES AND NETWORKS IN OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO A SU... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 84 22 11.000000
3 KIVIMAA P;LAAKSO S;LON... 2021 MOVING BEYOND DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION: A REVIEW OF DISRUPTION IN SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 114 9 -9.000000
3 GRANDIN J;SAREEN S 2020 WHAT STICKS? EPHEMERALITY, PERMANENCE AND LOCAL TRANSITION PATHWAYS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 112 7 Inf
3 VAN DEN BERGE M;WETERI... 2020 DO EXISTING REGIONAL SPECIALISATIONS STIMULATE OR HINDER DIVERSIFICATION INTO CLEANTECH? ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 98 8 Inf
3 CHLEBNA C;MATTES J 2020 THE FRAGILITY OF REGIONAL ENERGY TRANSITIONS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 106 7 Inf
3 SKJØLSVOLD TM;RYGHAUG M 2020 TEMPORAL ECHOES AND CROSS-GEOGRAPHY POLICY EFFECTS: MULTIPLE LEVELS OF TRANSITION GOVERNANCE AND ... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 98 7 Inf
3 VERMUNT DA;NEGRO SO;VA... 2020 SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS IN THE AGRI-FOOD SECTOR: HOW ECOLOGY AFFECTS TRANSITION DYNAMICS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 130 5 Inf
3 BÖGEL PM;UPHAM P 2018 ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN SOCIOTECHNICAL TRANSITIONS STUDIES: REVIEW IN RELATION TO CONSUMPTION AND T... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 27 23 11.500000
4 TZIVA M;NEGRO SO;KALFA... 2020 UNDERSTANDING THE PROTEIN TRANSITION: THE RISE OF PLANT-BASED MEAT SUBSTITUTES ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 118 25 Inf
4 BENTO N;WILSON C 2016 MEASURING THE DURATION OF FORMATIVE PHASES FOR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 49 48 12.000000
4 WESSELING JH 2016 EXPLAINING VARIANCE IN NATIONAL ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 55 31 7.750000
4 RANDELLI F;ROCCHI B 2017 ANALYSING THE ROLE OF CONSUMERS WITHIN TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS: THE CASE OF ALTERNATIVE ... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 65 26 8.666667
4 VAN DER JAGT APN;RAVEN... 2020 NATURE-BASED INNOVATION SYSTEMS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 113 14 Inf
4 HANSON J 2018 ESTABLISHED INDUSTRIES AS FOUNDATIONS FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS: THE CASE OF ... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 93 16 8.000000
4 KIEFT A;HARMSEN R;HEKK... 2017 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SYSTEMIC PROBLEMS IN INNOVATION SYSTEMS: THE CASE OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT HOUSES... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 94 15 5.000000
4 KOEHRSEN J 2018 RELIGIOUS AGENCY IN SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: BETWEEN EXPERIMENTATION, UPSCALING, AND REGIME SU... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 87 12 6.000000
4 ROHE S 2020 THE REGIONAL FACET OF A GLOBAL INNOVATION SYSTEM: EXPLORING THE SPATIALITY OF RESOURCE FORMATION ... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 109 9 Inf
4 LUKKARINEN J;BERG A;SA... 2018 AN INTERMEDIARY APPROACH TO TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS (TIS)—THE CASE OF THE CLEANTECH SECT... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 54 18 9.000000
5 PATTERSON J;SCHULZ K;V... 2017 EXPLORING THE GOVERNANCE AND POLITICS OF TRANSFORMATIONS TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 60 165 55.000000
5 SARASINI S;LINDER M 2018 INTEGRATING A BUSINESS MODEL PERSPECTIVE INTO TRANSITION THEORY: THE EXAMPLE OF NEW MOBILITY SERV... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 152 50 25.000000
5 WITTMAYER JM;AVELINO F... 2017 ACTOR ROLES IN TRANSITION: INSIGHTS FROM SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 68 91 30.333333
5 EHNERT F;KERN F;BORGST... 2018 URBAN SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS IN A CONTEXT OF MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE: A COMPARISON OF FOUR EUR... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 108 51 25.500000
5 BOCKEN NMP;SCHUIT CSC;... 2018 EXPERIMENTING WITH A CIRCULAR BUSINESS MODEL: LESSONS FROM EIGHT CASES ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 19 111 55.500000
5 AVELINO F;GRIN J 2017 BEYOND DECONSTRUCTION. A RECONSTRUCTIVE PERSPECTIVE ON SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITION GOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 59 24 8.000000
5 BOYER RHW 2018 INTERMEDIACY AND THE DIFFUSION OF GRASSROOTS INNOVATIONS: THE CASE OF COHOUSING IN THE UNITED STA... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 58 14 7.000000
5 TONGUR S;ENGWALL M 2017 EXPLORING WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY DYNAMICS IN INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 82 8 2.666667
5 WARREN B;CHRISTOFF P;G... 2016 AUSTRALIA'S SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TRANSITION: THE DISJOINTED POLITICS OF DECARBONISATION ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 23 26 6.500000
5 BORGHEI BB;MAGNUSSON T 2018 NICHE AGGREGATION THROUGH CUMULATIVE LEARNING: A STUDY OF MULTIPLE ELECTRIC BUS PROJECTS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 48 10 5.000000
6 MARTISKAINEN M 2017 THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GRASSROOTS INNOVATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 50 73 24.333333
6 MARTISKAINEN M;KIVIMAA P 2018 CREATING INNOVATIVE ZERO CARBON HOMES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM — INTERMEDIARIES AND CHAMPIONS IN BUI... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 65 42 21.000000
6 KANDA W;KUISMA M;KIVIM... 2020 CONCEPTUALISING THE SYSTEMIC ACTIVITIES OF INTERMEDIARIES IN SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 115 12 Inf
6 LOORBACH D;WITTMAYER J... 2020 TRANSFORMATIVE INNOVATION AND TRANSLOCAL DIFFUSION ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 46 25 Inf
6 BERGEK A 2020 DIFFUSION INTERMEDIARIES: A TAXONOMY BASED ON RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGY IN SWEDEN ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 93 9 Inf
6 TANJA MANDERS TN;ANNA ... 2020 COMPLEXITY, TENSIONS, AND AMBIGUITY OF INTERMEDIATION IN A TRANSITION CONTEXT: THE CASE OF CONNEC... ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 116 6 Inf
6 KIVIMAA P;PRIMMER E;LU... 2020 INTERMEDIATING POLICY FOR TRANSITIONS TOWARDS NET-ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 79 3 Inf
6 KIVIMAA P;BERGEK A;MAT... 2020 INTERMEDIARIES IN ACCELERATING TRANSITIONS: INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 56 4 Inf
6 OLKKONEN L;KORJONEN-KU... 2017 REDEFINING A STAKEHOLDER RELATION: FINNISH ENERGY “PROSUMERS” AS CO-PRODUCERS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 7 27 9.000000
6 VIHEMÄKI H;TOPPINEN A;... 2020 INTERMEDIARIES TO ACCELERATE THE DIFFUSION OF WOODEN MULTI-STOREY CONSTRUCTION IN FINLAND ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 60 3 Inf

5.1.3 Development

`summarise()` has grouped output by 'com_name'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.

We again see quite some dynamics….

5.1.4 Connectivity between the research areas

Warning: Ignoring unknown parameters: strenght

5.1.5 Technical description

In a bibliographic coupling network, the coupling-strength between publications is determined by the number of commonly cited references they share, assuming a common pool of references to indicate similarity in context, methods, or theory. Formally, the strength of the relationship between a publication pair \(i\) and \(j\) (\(s_{i,j}^{bib}\)) is expressed by the number of commonly cited references.

\[ s_{i,j}^{bib} = \sum_m c_{i,m} c_{j,m} \]

Since our corpus contains publications which differ strongly in terms of the number of cited references, we normalize the coupling strength by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. Here, we weight the intercept of two publications’ bibliography (shared refeences) by their union (number of all references cited by either \(i\) or \(j\)). It is bounded between zero and one, where one indicates the two publications to have an identical bibliography, and zero that they do not share any cited reference. Thereby, we prevent publications from having high coupling strength due to a large bibliography (e.g., literature surveys).

\[ S_{i,j}^{jac-bib} =\frac{C(i \cap j)}{C(i \cup j)} = \frac{s_{i,j}^{bib}}{c_i + c_j - s_{i,j}^{bib}} \]

More recent articles have a higher pool of possible references to co-cite to, hence they are more likely to be coupled. Consequently, bibliographic coupling represents a forward looking measure, and the method of choice to identify the current knowledge frontier at the point of analysis.

---
title: "Transitions Bibliometrics 2020"
author: "Daniel S. Hain"
date: "`r format(Sys.time(), '%d %B, %Y')`"
output:
  html_notebook:
    df_print: paged
    toc: yes
    toc_depth: 3
    toc_float: yes
    number_sections: yes
---

```{r setup, include=FALSE}
### Generic preamble
Sys.setenv(LANG = "en")
options(scipen = 5)
set.seed(1337)

### Load packages  
library(knitr) # For display of the markdown
library(kableExtra) # For table styling

library(tidyverse)
library(magrittr)


library(bibliometrix)
library(tidygraph)
library(ggraph)

# own functions
source("../functions/functions_basic.R")
source("../functions/functions_summary.R")
source("../functions/00_parameters.R")
```

```{r global_options, include=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = FALSE, 
                      warning = FALSE, 
                      message = FALSE)
```


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# Initial Corpus generation 

```{r}
M <- readRDS("../../temp/M.RDS") %>% as_tibble()
```

# General Overview over EIST articles

## Main Indicators: Publications, Authors, Countries

To start with, a general overview over the documents in the corpus.

First 

```{r}
results <- biblioAnalysis(M, sep = ";")

results %>% summary(k = 10, pause = FALSE)
```
And a graphical visualization

```{r}
results %>% plot(k = 10, pause = FALSE)
```

```{r}
prod_AU <- M %>% authorProdOverTime(k = 10, graph = TRUE)
plot(prod_AU$graph)
```

```{r}
rm(results, prod_AU)
```

## Cited references

```{r}
CR <- readRDS("../../temp/CR.RDS") 
```

Top 20 cited references:

```{r}
CR$Cited %>% as_tibble() %>% head(20) %>% 
  kable() %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "condensed", "responsive"), font_size = 8)
```

```{r}
rm(CR)
```

```{r}
#M %>% gen_summary(top_n = 20, level = "PUB", what = "count", plot = TRUE) 
```

## Conceptual trajectories: Historical citation path analysis

```{r}
histResults <- readRDS("../../temp/histResults.RDS") 
```

```{r, fig.width=17.5, fig.height=17.5}
histResults %>% histPlot(n =50, size = 10, labelsize = 7.5)
```


```{r}
rm(histResults)
```


### Authors, Themes & Journals

* Not done yet

```{r, fig.width=20, fig.height=17.5}
M_threefield <- readRDS("../../temp/M_threefield.RDS") 
```

```{r, fig.width=17.5, fig.height=17.5}
M_threefield
```


```{r}
rm(M_threefield)
```


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# Topic modelling
```{r}
library(tidytext)

text_tidy <- readRDS("../../temp/text_tidy.RDS")
text_lda <- readRDS("../../temp/text_lda.RDS")
```

```{r}
mycol_lda <- text_lda %>% tidy(matrix = "beta") %>% gg_color_select(cat = topic, pal = "Paired")
```


I by now created some topic modelling. The results are now more fine-tuned, but there is still room for some improvement. We ran a LDA on the titles + abstracts of our corpus, aiming at identifying 10 topics (some different numbers of topics to generate shows that 10 result in good results, more topics lead to too much overlap between them)

## Topics by topwords
```{r, fig.width=17.5, fig.height=15} 
text_lda %>% tidy(matrix = "beta") %>%
  group_by(topic) %>%
  slice_max(beta, n = 10) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  mutate(term = reorder_within(term, beta, topic)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(term, beta, fill = factor(topic))) +
  geom_col(show.legend = FALSE) +
  facet_wrap(~ topic, scales = "free") +
  coord_flip() +
  scale_x_reordered() +
  labs(x = "Intra-topic distribution of word",
       y = "Words in topic") + 
  scale_fill_manual(name = "Legend", values = mycol_lda) 

#plot_ly <- plot %>% plotly::ggplotly()
#htmlwidgets::saveWidget(plotly::as_widget(plot_ly), '../output\vis_plotly_topic_terms.html', selfcontained = TRUE)
```

This might still be finetuned, but initially doesnt look that bad I think. All the topics for me seem to be somewhat identifiable. We should maybe start naming them to make their interpretation later easier. 

## Topics over time

```{r, fig.width = 15, fig.height=7.5}
text_lda %>% tidy(matrix = "gamma") %>%
  rename(weight = gamma) %>%
  left_join(M %>% select(XX, PY), by = c('document' = 'XX')) %>%
  mutate(PY = as.numeric(PY)) %>%
  group_by(PY, topic) %>% summarise(weight = sum(weight)) %>% ungroup() %>%
  group_by(PY) %>% mutate(weight_PY = sum(weight)) %>% ungroup() %>%
  mutate(weight_rel = weight / weight_PY) %>%
  select(PY, topic, weight, weight_rel) %>%
  filter(PY >= 1998 & PY <= 2020) %>%
  arrange(PY, topic) %>%
  plot_summary_timeline(y1 = weight, y2 = weight_rel, t = PY, by = topic,  pal = "Paired", label = FALSE,
                        y1_text = "Topic popularity annualy", y2_text = "Share of topic annually")
```

## LDAViz
Here you find a nice way of exploring topics via the `LDAVIz` methodology of visulizing the result of an LDA. It dispolays all topics in a 2 dimensional TSNE (similar to PCA, but optimized for graphical illustration in 2d), and also gives a nice visual representation over the topics top-word distribution and overall frequencies of this words in the corpus. The $\lambda$ parameter regulates the importance-ordering of the topwords. High $\lambda$ order words by the highest propability to appear in the topic to the lowest (independent of the overall word popularity in the corpus), whle low $\lambda$ emphasize words which are very specific to the topic, and rarely appear in others.

Play a bit around. Since it would be here a bit condensed, better check it out  [HERE](https://daniel-hain.github.io/bibliometrics_EIST_2021/output/LDAviz/) in fullscreen for a better overview.

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```{r}
rm(text_dtm, text_tidy, text_lda)
```


# Knowledge Bases: Co-Citation network analysis {.tabset}

```{r}
C_nw <- readRDS("../../temp/C_nw.RDS")
```

```{r}
com_names_cit <- tibble( 
  com = 1:(C_nw %>% pull(com) %>% n_distinct()),
  com_name = 
    1:(C_nw %>% pull(com) %>% n_distinct())
#    c('1 Transition studies',
#    '2 Classic innovation studies',
#    '3 Territorial innovation systems',
#    '4 (National) innovation systems',
#    '5 Sociology and practice theory',
#    '6 Socio-ecological systems',
#    '7 Political ecology and governance')
)
```

```{r}
C_nw %<>% left_join(com_names_cit, by = "com")
```

```{r}
mycol_cit <- C_nw %>% gg_color_select(cat = com_name, pal = "Dark2")
```


**Note:** This analysis refers the co-citation analysis, where the cited references and not the original publications are the unit of analysis. See tab `Technical description`for additional explanations

## Knowledge Bases summary

### Main Indicators
In order to partition networks into components or clusters, we deploy a **community detection** technique based on the **Lovain Algorithm** (Blondel et al., 2008). The Lovain Algorithm is a heuristic method that attempts to optimize the modularity of communities within a network by maximizing within- and minimizing between-community connectivity. We identify the following communities = knowledge bases.

```{r}
C_nw %>%
  group_by(com_name) %>%
  summarise(n = n(), density_int = ((sum(dgr_int) / (n() * (n() - 1))) * 100) %>% round(3)) %>%
  relocate(com_name, everything())
```

It is not the main focus of this exercise, but still informative to see which historical knowledge the fields draws from. 

NOTE: Up to now I only report the most central members per community

```{r}
C_nw %>% group_by(com) %>% 
  select(com, name, dgr_int, dgr) %>%
  arrange(com, desc(dgr_int)) %>%
  mutate(name = name %>% str_trunc(100)) %>%
  slice_max(order_by = dgr_int, n = 10) %>% kable() %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "condensed", "responsive"), font_size = 8)
```
### Development of Knowledge Bases

Some issues atm, not working

```{r}
el_2m<- readRDS("../../temp/el_2m.RDS")
```


```{r}
el_2m %<>% 
  inner_join(M %>% select(XX, PY), by = c('from' = 'XX')) %<>%
  select(com_bib, com_cit, PY)
```

 
```{r}
el_2m %<>%
  group_by(PY, com_cit) %>%
  summarise(TC = n()) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  drop_na() %>%
  group_by(PY) %>%
  mutate(TC_rel = TC / sum(TC)) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  arrange(PY, com_cit) %>%
  left_join(com_names_cit , by = c('com_cit' = 'com'))
```


```{r, fig.width = 15, fig.height=7.5}
el_2m %>%   
  complete(com_name, PY, fill = list(TC = 0, TC_rel = 0)) %>%
  plot_summary_timeline(y1 = TC, y2 = TC_rel, t = PY, by = com_name, pal = "Dark2", label = TRUE,
                        y1_text = "Number citations recieved annually",  y2_text = "Share of citations recieved annually")
```

## Technical description
In a co-cittion network, the strength of the relationship between a reference pair $m$ and $n$ ($s_{m,n}^{coc}$) is expressed by the number of publications $C$ which are jointly citing reference $m$ and $n$. 

$$s_{m,n}^{coc} = \sum_i c_{i,m} c_{i,n}$$

The intuition here is that references which are frequently cited together are likely to share commonalities in theory, topic, methodology, or context. It can be interpreted as a measure of similarity as evaluated by other researchers that decide to jointly cite both references. Because the publication process is time-consuming, co-citation is a backward-looking measure, which is appropriate to map the relationship between core literature of a field.


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# Research Areas: Bibliographic coupling analysis {.tabset}

```{r}
M_bib <- readRDS("../../temp/M_bib.RDS") %>% as_tibble()
```

```{r}
com_names_bib <- tibble( 
  com = 1:(M_bib %>% pull(com) %>% n_distinct()),
  com_name = 
    1:(M_bib %>% pull(com) %>% n_distinct())
#    c('1 Transition studies') )
)
```

```{r}
M_bib %<>% left_join(com_names_bib, by = "com")
```

```{r}
mycol_bib <- M_bib %>% gg_color_select(cat = com_name, pal = "Dark2")
```

This is arguably the more interesting part. Here, we identify the literature's current knowledge frontier by carrying out a bibliographic coupling analysis of the publications in our corpus. This measure  uses bibliographical information of  publications to establish a similarity relationship between them. Again, method details to be found in the tab `Technical description`. As you will see, we identify the more narrow research community of Sustainability Transitions (in which we will zoom in later), but also a set of adjacent research areas with some theoretical/methodological/application overlap.

## Research Areas main summary

### Main Characteristics
To identify communities in the field's knowledge frontier (labeled **research areas**) we again use the **Lovain Algorithm** (Blondel et al., 2008). We identify the following communities = research areas.

```{r}
M_bib %>%
  group_by(com_name) %>%
  summarise(n = n(), density_int = ((sum(dgr_int) / (n() * (n() - 1))) * 100) %>% round(3)) %>%
  select(com_name, everything())
```
### Categorization

I up to now gain only provide the 10 most central articles, which can be used to classify them

```{r}
M_bib %>% group_by(com_name) %>% 
  left_join(M %>% select(XX, AU, PY, TI, J9, TC)) %>%
  mutate(dgr_select = (dgr_int / max(dgr_int) * (TC / max(TC))) ) %>%
  slice_max(order_by = dgr_select, n = 10) %>% 
  mutate(TC_year = TC / (2019 + 1 - PY),
         AU = AU %>% str_trunc(25),
         TI = TI %>% str_trunc(100)) %>%
  select(AU, PY, TI, J9, dgr_int, TC, TC_year) %>% 
  kable() %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "condensed", "responsive"), font_size = 8)
```

### Development

```{r, fig.width = 15, fig.height=7.5}
M_bib %>%
  left_join(M %>% select(XX, PY), by = 'XX') %>%
  mutate(PY = PY %>% as.numeric()) %>%
  group_by(com_name, PY) %>% summarise(n = n()) %>% ungroup() %>%
  group_by(PY) %>% mutate(n_PY = sum(n)) %>% ungroup() %>%
  mutate(n_rel = n / n_PY) %>%
  select(com_name, PY, n, n_rel) %>%
  arrange(com_name, PY) %>% 
  filter(PY >= 1995) %>%
  complete(com_name, PY, fill = list(n = 0, n_rel = 0)) %>%
  plot_summary_timeline(y1 = n, y2 = n_rel, t = PY, by = com_name, label = TRUE,
                        y1_text = "Number publications annually", y2_text = "Share of publications annually")
```

We again see quite some dynamics....

### Connectivity between the research areas
```{r}
g_agg <- readRDS("../../temp/g_bib_agg.RDS")

g_agg <- g_agg %N>%
  arrange(com) # %>%
#   mutate(name = names_ra %>% pull(com_ra_name),
#          color = cols_ra)
```

```{r, fig.height= 7.5, fig.width=7.5}
g_agg %E>% 
  filter(weight > 0 & from != to) %>%
  filter(weight >= quantile(weight, 0.25) )  %>%
  ggraph(layout = "circle") + 
  geom_edge_fan(strenght = 0.075, aes(width = weight), alpha = 0.2)  + 
  geom_node_point(aes(size = N, color = factor(com)))  + 
  geom_node_text(aes(label = com), repel = TRUE) +
  theme_graph(base_family = "Arial") +
  scale_color_brewer(palette = 'Paired') 
```

### Technical description
In a bibliographic coupling network, the **coupling-strength** between publications is determined by the number of commonly cited references they share, assuming a common pool of references to indicate similarity in context, methods, or theory. Formally, the strength of the relationship between a publication pair $i$ and $j$ ($s_{i,j}^{bib}$) is expressed by the number of commonly cited references. 

$$	s_{i,j}^{bib} = \sum_m c_{i,m} c_{j,m} $$

Since our corpus contains publications which differ strongly in terms of the number of cited references, we normalize the coupling strength by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. Here, we weight the intercept of two publications' bibliography (shared refeences) by their union (number of all references cited by either $i$ or $j$). It is bounded between zero and one, where one indicates the two publications to have an identical bibliography, and zero that they do not share any cited reference. Thereby, we prevent publications from having high coupling strength due to a large bibliography (e.g., literature surveys).

$$	S_{i,j}^{jac-bib} =\frac{C(i \cap j)}{C(i \cup j)} = \frac{s_{i,j}^{bib}}{c_i + c_j - s_{i,j}^{bib}} $$

More recent articles have a higher pool of possible references to co-cite to, hence they are more likely to be coupled. Consequently, bibliographic coupling represents a forward looking measure, and the method of choice to identify the current knowledge frontier at the point of analysis.


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